Biological Abstracts is one of the foremost sources of bibliographic references to the life science journal literature. This database enables researchers and students to retrieve references to vital biological and medical research findings, clinical studies, and discoveries of new organisms. Coverage is international, and includes agriculture, biochemistry, biomedicine, biotechnology, genetics, botany, ecology, microbiology, pharmacology, and zoology. Approximately 90% of the records include abstracts.
Biological Abstracts/RRM complements Biological Abstracts by providing unique coverage of increasingly important sources of research information. These sources include international reviews, reports, and meetings, as well as books. Users have access to breakthrough research findings often not yet reported in the journal literature or covered in other secondary databases. Biological Abstracts/RRM is a unique resource for current information in biology, medicine, agriculture, biochemistry, biomedicine, biotechnology, genetics, botany, ecology, microbiology, pharmacology, and zoology.
| Label | Name | Indexing |
| AB | Abstract | [Word Indexed] |
The AB field contains abstracts for Biological Abstracts records from
Volume 62, (July 1976) to the present and from the main book synopses which
appear in Biological Abstracts/RRM records from 1985 to the present.
| AF | All Searchable Fields |
Use AF to search simultaneously in all fields in this list.
| AI | Alternate Indexing | (not carried prior to 1999) |
The Alternate Indexing (AI) field will contain other types of indexing
such as MeSH disease terms (1999 -).
| AN, UI | Accession Number | [Phrase Indexed] |
The Accession Number (AN) field contains a unique number.
From 1993 forward, the field begins with a four-character alphabetic sequence which indicates the product. This is followed by the four-digit product year, which is in turn followed by a unique eight digit number assigned to each citation record within that product, i.e., AAAAYYYYnnnnnnnn.
The formats presently used are as follows (we recommend that you allow for the addition of new products in this field):
BIOSIS Previews - PREVYYYYnnnnnnnn
BasicBIOSIS - BASBYYYYnnnnnnnn
BA on CD - BACDYYYYnnnnnnnn
BA/RRM on CD - BMCDYYYYnnnnnnnn
Prior to 1993, the field contains a 9-digit number. This number is composed
of an 8-digit number assigned by BIOSIS and is preceded by a zero.
| AU | Authors | [Phrase Indexed] |
The author field contains up to 10 author names (from 1970 to 1994)
and up to 100 author names from 1995 forward. The format for authors is
last name followed by one or more initials, and full author names, when
given, are retained from 1998 -. Use the "..ROOT" command to view a list
of names if unsure of initials.
| BC (1970-1992), ST(1993 - | Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxonomic Groups | [Phrase Indexed] |
The BC field contains five-digit codes and Biosystematic Latin Names representing higher taxonomic groups above the genus level. Biosystematic Numbers were discontinued in 1998; however, the Biosystematic Names were retained. The field name was changed to Super Taxa (ST) in 1993 -
Search the backfile, 1970-1992 using either the five-digit number or the Biosystematic Name. Search the continuing Super Taxa field using the Biosystematic Name in the .ST. field from 1993 -.
For searches from 1970- present, search the Biosystematic Name in the Subject Heading (SH) field or the Heading Word (HW) field.
| BC (1970-1992), TN(1993 - | Super Taxa/Taxa Notes | [Phrase Indexed] |
Super Taxonomic Groups contain common names for 65 broad groups of organisms. This field was renamed Taxa Notes from 1993 -. These are arranged in alphabetic order since 1993. Use the Tools bar to see the listing. New Taxons
When new organisms are reported from 1970 - 1992, the phrase "new taxon" is added to the Biosystematic Group. e.g., 75314 [new taxon]. Search the phrase for records containing new taxa. If you are interested in specific new taxa, e.g. new genus, new species, search the Biosystematic Name in the .BC. field and the new genus.ti,kw. from 1970-1993. From 1993 - search the organism the Organisms (OR) field followed by new genus (or other specific term) e.g. diptera new genus.or. These terms are phrase indexed in the OR field using relational indexing to provide excellent relevancy.
For searches from 1970 to the present, use the specific organism name or higher taxonomic group name, e.g. diptera new genus.sh.
To retrieve a list of taxonomic types use the Tools, type "new taxon
modifiers" and search from the list or use the LIMIT to new taxon modifiers
and display the list from the limit menu.
| BE | Book Author/Editor | [Word Indexed] new |
The Book Author/Editor contains the author/editor of a book. Personal names appear as last name, comma, space, first name, space, middle initials, comma, space, and patronyms, followed by modifiers such as 'Ed.', 'Eds.', 'Author' or 'Authors'.
Since 1995, up to approximately 100 names are included in this field. If more than the 100 authors/editors are cited in the source document, the first 99 names are added and the notation 'et al.' appears at the end of the string. When a corporate body (agency, organization, etc.) is responsible for a book, the group is cited as the editor.
In some cases an initial in a name may be more than one character in
length. Typically, this occurs in Russian, Ukrainian, Belorussian, Serbo-Croatian,
Bulgarian, or Macedonian names, since some letters of their Cyrillic alphabets
are transliterated into two (and sometimes three or four) English letters.
Each name is separated from the next by a semicolon and a space. Surnames
may contain hyphens, apostrophes, or spaces.
| BO | Original Language Book Title | [Word Indexed] new |
The Original Language Book Title (BO) field contains the non-English
original title of a book (both main and subtitles). The title may be transliterated
and, therefore, may include one or more embedded double quotation marks.
This occurs most often in Bulgarian transliterated titles.
| BT | Book Title | [Word Indexed] new |
The Book Title (BT) contains the English version of a book title (both main and subtitles). The book title may be transliterated and, therefore, may include one or more embedded double quotation marks. This occurs most often in Bulgarian transliterated titles. Note that the book title field may contain a Latin title.
This information is searchable in the TI field using the Publication
Type for Book and keywords from the title from 1970-
| CB | Chemicals & Biochemicals | [Phrase Indexed] (1993 -) new |
The Chemicals & Biochemicals (CB) field contains the names of naturally occurring or synthetic chemicals and chemical components (for example, a specific carcinogen) that are described in a source document.
The general form is as follows:
The modifiers are individually added to the terms or variants to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.
For example if the source data is:
CAT [chloramphenicol acetyltransferase]: activity, analysis, labeling
You can search the phrase "cat labeling.cb." or "chloramphenicol acetyltransferase labeling.cb." to ensure that the modifier labeling refers to the term or variant of interest. You can search the modifiers separately, or search a term and modifier as a phrase (as above) to ensure the accuracy of your search.
Terms found in this field can also be searched using the Tree Search Tool.
The Gene Name (GN) also displays in this field. To search for the Gene Name field, you need to search the Chemicals & Biochemicals index.
| CC | Concept Codes | [Phrase Indexed] (1970 - June 1999) |
The CC field contains five-digit codes representing broad biological
concepts mentioned in the document. Codes preceded by an asterisk in the
display have been emphasized in the document. Note that codes groups are
routinely uploaded to the first three digits. Concept Codes are searchable
by five-digit numbers (e.g. 14506.cc. to retrieve records on Heart Pathology)
or by three-digit numbers (e.g. 145.cc. to retrieve all studies on the
Cardiovascular System). Concept Codes may be searched in two ways: enter
the five-digit field code qualified to .cc. to retrieve all records indexed
to the code or by using the field code .mc. to retrieve those records stressed
by the author(s). See the MC field below for search examples for major
Concept Codes.
| CL | Patent Class | (1986-1989 and 1999- ) new |
The Patent Class (CL) contains the class number and the subclass number,
and is optional for patent records.
| CR | Correction/Retraction Note | new |
The Correction/Retraction Note (CR) contains a descriptive note which
explains what information was amended in the original source document,
or an explanation as to why the original document has been retracted.
| CY | Country | [Phrase Indexed] (Searchable individually 1998-) new |
The Country (CY) field contains the country name taken from an author's address if the author's address includes a country name. Multiple countries are linked back to an author based on an alpha assignment enclosed by square brackets [a].
The Country field is available from 1978 for Biological Abstracts
and 1980 for Biological Abstracts/RRM. This field was searchable
in SO prior to 1998 and in the CY field with the release of relational
indexing.
| DG | Date Granted | new |
The Date Granted (DG) field contains the Date Granted for U.S. patents.
It contains the date found on the front cover of the issue of the Official
Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office Patents from which
the patent record was taken which correlates to the patent issue date.
The month is abbreviated using up to 4 characters.
| DS | Diseases | [Phrase Indexed] (1998 -) new |
The Diseases (DS) field contains the names of human, animal, and plant diseases, disorders, and pathological conditions as described in the source document.
The general form is as follows:
The modifiers include controlled disease terms e.g. immune system disease and are individually added to the terms or variants to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.
For example if the source data is:
Ebola virus hemorrhagic fever: diagnosis, treatment, viral disease, vascular disease, prevention, pathogenesis
You can search the phrase "Ebola virus hemorrhagic fever treatment.cb." or to ensure that the modifier treatment refers to the term of interest. You can search the modifiers separately, or search a term and modifier as a phrase (as above) to ensure the accuracy of your search.
Terms found in this field can also be searched using the Tree Search Tool.
These terms were indexed in Miscellaneous Descriptors from 1993-1997.
For searches from 1970 to the present, Title and Subject Heading must be
searched from 1970-1992; for maximum retrieval from 1993-, search terms
in the SH field.
| DU | Item URL Date | new |
The Item URL Date (DU) contains the date the URL electronic address
for an item was cited or revised.
| EW | Entry Week | [Phrase Indexed] prior to 1993 |
The EW field contains the entry week in the format YYWW, in which YY
is the 2-digit year and WW is the 2-digit week of input by BIOSIS.
| GE | Geopolitical Location | [Phrase Indexed] new |
The Geopolitical Location (GE) field describes the locations and place names mentioned in the original source document. BIOSIS added continents and regions to this field from 1993.
The general form is as follows:
where the classifiers appear in hierarchical order.
For example if the source data is:
Edmonton (Alberta, Canada, North America, Neararctic region)
each term is searchable (ie. neararctic region or edmonton).
Terms found in this field can also be searched using the Tree Search Tool.
From 1970-1992 search specific geographic names in the TI, KW fields.
Prior to 1993 BIOSIS indexed these terms to the country level. New Indexing
provides a hierarchical tree expanded to include regions and continents.
| HW, ME | Heading Words | [Word Indexed] |
Sometimes you may wish to retrieve every Subject field that includes a particular word or phrase. You may do this by searching the word or phrase word in the Heading Word (HW) field.
For segments after 1993, Heading Word includes the fields: Chemicals & Biochemicals (CB), Diseases (DS), Industry (ID), Major Concepts (MC), Miscellaneous Descriptors (MI), Methods & Equipment (MQ), Institutions & Organizations (NC), Persons (NP), Organisms (OR), Parts, Structures & Systems of Organisms (PS), Registry Numbers (RN), Sequence Data (SQ), Super Taxa (ST) and Taxa Notes (TN)
For segments prior to 1993, the Heading Words includes Biosystematic Codes/Super Taxa (BC) names and the Concept Codes (CC) names.
Stopwords, which include commonly occurring words such as "of" and "the",
will not be indexed.
| IB | ISBN | [Phrase Indexed] new |
The ISBN (IB) field contains the International Standard Book Number (ISBN). These are unique identification numbers which are allocated, by publishers, to books and other non-serial publications. An ISBN consists of ten digits divided into four groups:
| ID | Industry | [Word Indexed] new |
The Industry (ID) field describes the type of industry mentioned in
the original source document.
| IN | Institution | [Word Indexed] new |
The Institution (IN) field contains contains the address at which the author(s), editor(s) or inventor(s) of a source document can be contacted. The address appears in upper and lower case and in the language of the source document; addresses published in Cyrillic and Oriental languages are transliterated. The address may include the following information: the name of a department or corporate division; the name of an institution or organization; a street address; the name of a city or town; the name of a state, province or prefecture; and the US ZIP or foreign postal code. Multiple addresses are linked back to an author based on an alpha assignment enclosed by square brackets [a] (1993 -).
The information is taken from the source document and is not standardized. Enter the single most descriptive word in an institution (harvard, not university). Consider both full spellings and abbreviations.
Institution addresses can be found in Biological Abstracts since
1978 and Biological Abstracts/RRM since 1980.
| IP | Issue | [Phrase Indexed] new |
The Issue field (IP) contains the Issue and/or part for a particular
volume of a journal. Supplement information will also appear here when
applicable. The IP field usually displays as part of the Source (SO) field.
| IS | ISSN | [Phrase Indexed] |
The IS field contains the International Standard Serial Number for the
journal in which an article was published.
| IU | Item URL | [Word Indexed] new |
The Item URL (IU) field contains the URL address for an item. The format
is highly variable, but follows the Internet-common practice for URL
| JL | Journal URL | [Word Indexed] new |
The Journal URL (JL) field contains the URL electronic address from
which a serial publication may be obtained. This data element is optional
for serials. The format is highly variable, but follows the Internet-common
practice for URLs.
| JN | Journal Name | [Phrase Indexed] |
The JN field contains the full name of the journal in which an article
was published. Journal names are indexed as phrases, so enter enough letters
of the journal name to locate the name in the index, e.g. new engl for
"New England Journal of Medicine." Stopwords such as "of" are included
in the JN index, but when "the" is the first word of a journal, it is stripped.
| JW | Journal Words | [Word Indexed] |
The JW field contains individual words from every journal name in BIOSIS
Previews. Stopwords such as "the" or "of" are not included.
| KW | Keywords | [Word Indexed] |
The KW field contains significant words and phrases added by BIOSIS
editors. Most keywords are not controlled. There are some controlled words
and phrases for drug therapies and interactions, etc. See the Search System
Information section of the current BIOSIS Search Guide for a complete listing.
Keywords are not phrase indexed. Beginning in 1994, individual keywords
and keyword phrases appearing in this field are separated by periods to
facilitate searching e.g., .antineoplastic drug. drug interaction. Include
TI and KW in all free text searches, for dna probe.ti,kw. (1970-1992).
| LG, LA | Languages | [Phrase Indexed] |
The LG field contains the language(s) of publication of an article. The language field is spelled out in full form, but may be searched using the three-letter code created from the first three letters of the full language name.
Language is available in BIOSIS Previews and Biological Abstracts from
1978 and Biological Abstracts/RRM from 1980.
| LM | Local Messages | [Display only] |
The Local Messages (LM) field contains messages created by your Ovid
System administrator to indicate holdings information about journals held
in your library or institution.
| LS | Summary Language | [Phrase Indexed] new |
The Summary Language (LS) field indicates the language or languages
in which the summaries (abstracts) found within the source document were
published. This field may contain up to 10 language names.
| MC | Major Concepts | [Phrase Indexed] (1993 - ) new |
The Major Concepts (MC) field indicates the broad subject areas in the life sciences stressed by the author(s).
These 168 major concepts are assigned to each citation by BIOSIS staff indexers.
Terms found in this field can also be searched using the Tree Search
Tool and is required for all items.
| MF | Meeting Information | [Word Indexed] (1993 - ) new |
The Meeting Information (MF) field contains the title, location, date
or date range of a scientific meeting or conference and the URL electronic
address when given from which a meeting document may be obtained. The format
is highly variable, but follows the Internet-common practice for URLs.
| MI | Miscellaneous Descriptors | [Word Indexed] (1993 - ) new |
The Miscellaneous Descriptors (MI) field contains additional words and phrases added by BIOSIS editors to enable product users to retrieve citations relevant to their areas of interest in the life sciences. Literalizations (for example, alpha) are substituted for special characters and symbols.
The general form is as follows:
The data will appear in upper and lower case and in all uppercase prior
to 1997.
| MQ | Methods & Equipment | [Word Indexed] (1998 - ) new |
The Methods & Equipment (MQ) field contains descriptors for the methods, apparatus, and scientific techniques mentioned in the source document.
The general form is as follows:
Prior to 1998, these terms were indexed in the Miscellaneous Descriptor
field and can be searched in SH. Prior to 1993, specific terms should be
searched in TI,KW (or SH) fields.
| NC | Institutions & Organizations | [Word Indexed] new |
The Institutions & Organizations (NC) field contains the name of a company, organization, or institution mentioned in the original source document. The name may be followed by the city, state or country in which the company, institution, or organization is located.
The general form is as follows:
| NP | Persons | [Word Indexed] (1993 - ) new |
The Persons (NP) field contains the name(s) of the person(s) discussed
in the source document. Names appear with last name first, and include
first and second name and initials, followed by a comma (,) and a corporate
title, if available. This is followed by a comma and a company name. This
may be followed by the role the person has in the item. The person's title,
company name and role are optional.
| OR | Organisms | [Phrase Indexed] (1993 - ) new |
The Organisms (OR) field contains the formal scientific name, or informal common name, for organisms (living, extinct, or fossil), the higher taxonomic categories, or the names of cell lines mentioned in the source document.
The general form is as follows:
The modifiers are individually added to the terms or variants to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.
For example if the source data is:
Charles Foster rat (Muridae): adult, animal model.
you can search the phrase "charles foster rat adult.or." or "muridae adult.or." to ensure that the modifier adult refers to the term of interest. You can search the modifiers separately, or search a term and modifier as a phrase (as above) to ensure the accuracy of your search.
Terms found in this field can also be searched using the Tree Search Tool.
Prior to 1993, search specific organism names in the TI,KW (or SH) fields.
| OT | Original Title | [Display only] new |
The Original Title (OT) field contains the non-English title of an item (both main and subtitles), and is primarily used for books. This field is optional for all item types and will not appear if the source document was written in English. Literalizations are substituted for special characters and symbols. The title appears in upper and lower case with natural-language punctuation and ends with a period, question mark, parentheses, brackets, or exclamation point. The title may be transliterated and, therefore, may include one or more embedded double quotation marks. This occurs most often in Bulgarian transliterated titles.
The Original Title is indexed in the Title (TI) index.
| PA | Patent Assignee | (1999 - ) new |
The Patent Assignee (PA) field contains the name of the person or organization
to whom the rights to the patent have been assigned. This field is optional
for patents. The data appears in upper and lower case, and lists the name
of the assignee, the assignee's city, and the assignee's country when available.
| PB | Publisher | [Word Indexed] |
Search the PB field for publisher information (not available in all records.) Up to tw publishers may be carried in a citation with multiple occurrences delimited by a semicolon followed by a space. Each publisher name is visually linked to a publisher address. The link is based on assignment of alpha terms, enclosed in braces.
Search publisher information in the Source (SO) field from 1970-1992
| PC | Patent Country | (1999 - ) new |
The Patent Country (PC) field contains the name of the country in which
the patent was granted. This field is required for patents.
| PD | Publication Description | [Word Indexed] (not carried after 1993 |
The PD field contains publisher information for books, monographs or
any non-journal publications, as well as meeting information for both journal
and non-journal publications. This field may include the author/editor
name, full title and section identifier, symposium name and location, publisher
name and address, and pagination. The information is taken from the source
document as it appears, so variant forms of a publisher are possible.
| PI | Publisher Information | [Word Indexed] new |
The Publisher Information (PI) field contains the name and address of the publisher holding the copyright.
The information is not standardized. Enter the single most descriptive
word in an institution (heart not association). Consider both full spellings
and abbreviations.
| PN | Patent Number | 1986-1989, 1999- new |
The Patent Number (PN) field contains a character string indicating
the country which granted the patent (for example, 'US') followed by a
blank space and a unique number. This field is required for patents.
| PR | Product/Brand Name | 1998- new |
The Product/Brand Name (PR) contains the name(s) of any products discussed in the source document.
The general form is as follows:
| PS | Parts, Structures & Systems of Organisms | [Phrase Indexed] (1998 - ) new |
The modifiers are individually added to the terms or variants to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.
For example if the source data is:
liver: digestive system, DNA repair (free text modifier)
you can search the phrase "liver dna repair.ps." to ensure that the modifier "dna repair" refers to the controlled term of interest. You can search the modifiers separately, or search a controlled term and modifier as a phrase (as above) to ensure the accuracy of your search.
Terms found in this field can also be searched using the Tree Search Tool.
From 1993-1997, these terms appear in the Miscellaneous Descriptor Field.
Search using SH; From 1970-1992, search specific organ names and cell lines
in the TI, KW (or SH) fields
| PT | Publication Type | [Phrase Indexed] |
The PT field contains the following types: Article, Meeting, Patent,
Book, Meeting Report. Note that you must field-qualify with full words.
| PY | Publication Year | [Phrase Indexed] new |
The Publication Year (PY) contains the four digit year as it appears
in the source document. If the year is unknown, the string 'Publication
Date Unknown' appears in place of an actual year.
| RN | Registry Numbers | [Phrase Indexed] (1993 - ) new |
The Registry Numbers (RN) field contains a five to ten-digit CAS Registry Number (R), which is assigned to chemical(s) mentioned in individual article(s). The Registry Number defines a unique entity independent of nomenclature. Two hyphens appear in every Registry Number, which separate the number into three parts. The first part will contain a number between two and six digits long; the second part will always contain a two digit number; and the third part will be a one digit number or a one digit number with one character following.
The format is the following:
xxxxxx-yy-zw
where xxxxxx represents a number between two and six digits, yy represents a two digit number, z represents a single digit number, and w represents a single character. The w is an optional character that indicates that the substance's identity is questionable when multiple RNs appear in the source document or the substance is a derivative.
Each number is followed by the chemical name, which can be searched by word in the Registry Words (RW) index.
The general form is as follows: number: chemical name.
Q (Questionable) is added to RN names which occur in more than one chemical substance; D is added to Registry numbers which are derivatives, when the specific compound is not listed in the record.
NOTE: CAS Registry Number is a registered servicemark of the American
Chemical Society.
| RW | Registry Words Index | [Word Indexed] (1993 - ) new |
The Registry Words Index contains single words from the registry numbers
field and is used to search portions of chemical names.
| SB | Journal Subset | [Phrase Indexed] |
Use the SB field to retrieve all records from the "A" or "R" subsets.
| SD | Source Description | [Word Indexed] (1970 - 1992) |
The SD field includes the Vol/Issue, Year of Publication and Pagination.
| SH, DE | Subject Headings | [Phrase Indexed] changed |
From 1993- 1998-, the Subject Headings (SH) field brings together all of the subject fields in the database: Chemicals & Biochemicals (CB), Diseases (DS), Industry (ID), Major Concepts (MC), Miscellaneous Descriptors (MI), Methods & Equipment (MQ), Institutions & Organizations (NC), Persons (NP), Organisms (OR), Parts, Structures & Systems of Organisms (PS), Registry Numbers (RN), Sequence Data (SQ), Super Taxa (ST) and Taxa Notes (TN)
For segments prior to 1993, the SH is an alias for the Biosystematic
Codes/Super Taxa (BC) names and the Concept Codes (CC) names.
| SO | Source |
1970 to 1992(PD, JW, SD, PB, YR) 1993 -(JN, PB, BE, BT, BO, MM, VO, IP, DU, DA, PY, PG, IL, II, JL, IU) |
The Source (SO) field includes a display of all the basic information
needed to locate a citation, including the full Journal Name, Book Title
or Monograph Publisher, the Volume/Issue, Year of Publication, Pagination,
Book Author/Editor, Original Language Book Title, Medium, Item URL Date,
Cover Date, Publication year, Item Identifier, Journal URL and Item URLs.
| SP | Meeting Sponsor | [Word Indexed] (1993 - ) new |
The Meeting Sponsor (SP) field contains the name of an organization
that supported or funded a scientific meeting or conference.
| SQ | Sequence Data | [Word Indexed] (1993 - ) new |
The Sequence Data (SQ) field contains databank accession numbers, which are modified by appropriate databank names and sequence types.
Three controlled sequence names added are: amino acid sequence, nucleotide
sequence, sugar sequence.
| ST | Super Taxa | [Phrase Indexed] new (formerly called Biosystematic Codes/Names (1970-1992) |
The Super Taxa (ST) field contains high-level taxonomic terms to permit retrieval of citations which refer to broad categories of organisms, including microorganisms.
The general form for an indexing entry is as follows:
A Super Taxa entry (formerly called Biosystematic Name) begins with the most specific taxonomic category appropriate taken from the list of controlled vocabulary for taxonomic terms. The modifiers are higher level taxa, in order from lower to highest.
Terms found in this field can also be searched using the Tree Search Tool.
Prior to 1993 Biosystematic Codes/Biosystematic Names were in the BC
field. Search the SH field for retrieval from 1972-.
| TI | Title | [Word Indexed] |
The TI field contains the English language version of a title. Documents
from 1970-1991 contain BIOSIS edited titles. Original titles are searchable
from 1992-present. Stopwords such as "of" or "the" will display in documents
but do not appear in the Title Index. However, the word "a" which is a
stopword in other fields can be searched in titles. Include TI and KW in
all free text searches, for dna probe.ti,kw.
| TM | Time | [Phrase Indexed] (1993 - ) new |
The Time (TM) field describes the geological time period or era mentioned in the original source document.
Terms found in this field can also be searched using the Tree Search Tool.
Prior to 1993, these terms were part of the Concept Codes CC647 for
Geological Periods.
| TN | Taxa Notes | [Phrase Indexed] (formerly Super Taxa, 1970 - 1992) new |
The Taxa Notes (TN) field contains common names of broad groups of organisms and microorganisms mentioned in the source document.
The terms appear in alphabetic order.
Taxa Notes (1993-) formerly indexed under Super Taxa (1970-1992). For
retrieval from 1970 to present, search in the Subject Headings (SH) field.
| TW | Textword | (TI, AB, KW) |
The Textword field in BIOSIS includes the Title (TI), Abstract (AB)
and Keywords (KW) fields.
| UP | Update Code | [Phrase Indexed] new |
The Update Code field may contain the quarter (1995 forward and 1984
back) or week (1985 - 1994) in which a document was added. The quarterly
format is YYYYQn, where n is equivalent to the number of the quarter. For
example, 1995Q1 signifies the first quarter of 1995. The weekly format
is YYYYWW, where WW indicates the week in which the document was added.
For example 199436 signifies the 36th week of 1994.
| VO | Volume | [Phrase Indexed] new |
The Volume (VO) field consists of the volume number of a serial publication.
This field is usually displayed as part of the Source (SO) field.
| YR | Year of Publication | [Phrase Indexed] |
The YR field consists of the date of publication for a citation, and usually displays as part of the Source [SO] field. Only the second year of a date range is indexed.
Popular Command and Sentence Syntax Limits:
Abstracts Command Syntax: ..l/1 ab=y Sentence Syntax: limit to abstracts Animals Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to animals Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to animal Algae Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to algae Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to cryptophyta Bacteria Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to bacteria (Super Taxonomic limit 1 to cyanobacteria Group) Continent Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to asia limit 1 to south america Country Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to canada limit 1 to burkina faso Disease Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to nutritional disease limit 1 to metabolic disease English Language Command Syntax: ..l/1 en=y Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to english Fossil Modifiers Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to paleobiology limit 1 to paleobotany limit 1 to paleozoology Geopolitical Region Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to antarctic region limit 1 to australasian region limit 1 to ethiopian region limit 1 to nearctic region limit 1 to neotropical region limit 1 to oriental region limit 1 to palearctic region Institution Type Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to company/organization limit 1 to educational institution limit 1 to government agency Humans Command Syntax: ..l/1 hu=y Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to humans Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to human Invertebrates Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to invertebrates limit 1 to insects Language Command Syntax: ..l/1 lg=fre Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to french Latest Update Command Syntax: ..l/1 up=y Sentence Syntax: limit to latest update Local Holdings Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to local holdings Mammals Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to mammals (Super Taxonomic limit 1 to primates Group) Microorganisms Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to microorganisms Sentence Syntax: limit to microorganism New Taxa Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to new taxon New Taxon Modifiers Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to new species Sentence Syntax: limit to new subgenus Nonvascular plants Sentence Syntax: limit to nonvascular plants (Super Taxonomic limit to fungi Group) Oceans and Bodies of Water Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to pacific ocean limit 1 to mediterranean sea Organ System Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to reproductive system limit 1 to dental and oral system Plants Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to plants Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to plant Protozoa Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to ciliata limit 1 to cnidosporidea limit 1 to flagellata limit 1 to sarcodina limit 1 to sporozoa limit 1 to suctoria Publication Type Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to meeting Publication Year Command Syntax: ..l/1 yr=1993 Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to yr=1993 Sequence Data Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to amino acid sequence limit 1 to nucleotide sequence limit 1 to sugar sequence States, Provinces and Territories Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to alberta limit 1 to texas limit 1 to queensland Vascular plants(Super Taxonomic Group) Sentence Syntax: limit to vascular plants Sentence Syntax: limit to dicots Vertebrates(Super Taxonomic Group) Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to vertebrates Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to birds Viruses Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to viruses limit 1 to bacterial viruses limit 1 to plant viruses limit 1 to animal viruses
Examples:
Sentence Syntax: use biol Command Syntax: ..c/biol
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Revised 19 February 1997, March 10, 1999, May 5, 1999, February 9, 2000