The International Pharmaceutical Abstracts Database provides worldwide coverage of pharmaceutical science and health related literature from 1970 to the present, and is updated monthly. Comprehensive information is included for drug therapy, toxicity, and pharmacy practice as well as legislation, regulation, technology, utilization, biopharmaceutics, information processing, education, economics, and ethics as related to pharmaceutical science and practice.
The following alphabetical list provides the two-letter label, the relevant alias, and an example for each International Pharmaceutical Abstracts database field.
The output order for the Document Display screen is: AN, AU, IN, TI, SO, JA, JN, LH, LM, AB, SH, HU, TN, CC, RS, PC, RN, LG, SL, PT, IS, CD, EM ===== ============ Label Name/Example ===== ============ ab Abstract example patient information.ab. Abstracts are included for most documents to provide an overview of the purpose, scope, methodology, and conclusions reached by the author(s). The abstract index contains all searchable words from the abstract. Stopwords, such as "the" and "of" are not searchable. an Accession Number example: 27-01233.an. The Accession Number field contains a unique number assigned to each document for identification. The first two digits represent the IPA print volume in which the reference occurs. This is followed by a hyphen and the last five digits, representing the abstract number. Enter the desired two-digit volume number, a hyphen, and the five-digit abstract number. The hyphen is required when searching or browsing the index. au Authors example: worth j$.au. The Author field contains the names of the authors in the order in which they appeared in the document. The format is last name, followed by initials for the first and (usually) middle names. Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name, a space, and the first initial. cc Concept Heading example 1: pharmacol$.cc. example 2: "11".cc. The Concept Heading (CC) field contains one of 25 broad classifications used to describe a document's primary focus. Examples include "Adverse Drug Reactions," "Drug Stability," "Pharmaceutics," etc. Since the CC field is phrase-indexed, search using the full descriptive text, or use a "$" to truncate after the first few words. You may also search by code number. To view and select from the complete list of Concept Headings, choose the "Search/Indexes/ Concept Headings" menu and enter the letter "a". Note that the label "CH" is available as a superlabel containing the CC and RS fields. Search with your term qualified to CH [e.g. pharmacol$.ch.] to search the CC and RS fields together. cd CODEN example: phpydq.cd. The CODEN (CD) field contains the CODEN acronym for the journal in which a document was published. em Entry Month example: 9503.em. The Entry Month (EM) field contains a 4-digit number representing the year and month in which a document was added to the IPA database. Search or browse and select from the index using the format YYMM, in which YY is the desired 2-digit year and MM is the desired 2-digit month, e.g., "9503" means "March, 1995." fs Floating Subheading example: combination caffeine.fs. The Floating Subheading field contains the secondary-level drug and non-drug index terms. Secondary terms are used to modify and expand upon primary-level terms, and often include information about drug combinations and comparisons. The FS field is phrase-indexed. Search with a "$" following the desired word(s). Browse and select from the index by entering the desired word or pharse. When documents are viewed, the secondary-level terms appear in parentheses following each primary-level term in the Subject Headings (SH) field. hw Subject Heading Word example: intensive care.hw. The Subject Heading Words field contains IPA Subject Headings in a word-indexed format. This allows retrieval of every Subject Heading that includes a particular word or phrase. Search by entering the desired word or phrase. Browse and select from the index by entering only a single word. in Institution example: case western reserve.in. The Institution (IN) field contains information about the professional affiliation and address of the author, as indicated in the source document. This address can usually be used to request a reprint of the document. If the reprint address is substantially different, this address will also be included. Search using the most significant word or phrase in the institution name, e.g., "harvard," not "university." Be certain to account for postal and other commonly-used abbreviations. ip Issue/Part example 1: "2".ip. example 2: may.ip. The Issue/Part (IP) field includes the issue and/or part of the journal in which the document was published. Enter the desired issue number, 3-letter month abbreviation, or the abbreviation "suppl" for "supplement." is ISSN example 0007-1447.is. The ISSN field contains the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) for the journal in which a document was published. It appears as a number separated by hyphens. Enter the desired ISSN. Hyphens are required. ja Journal Abbreviation example: j biopharm sci.ja. The Journal Abbreviation (JA) field includes the IPA database's abbreviation for the fully-spelled-out journal name found in the JN field. IPA usually uses abbreviations which match those found in the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE database. jn Journal Name example: pharmacotherapy.jn. The Journal Name field usually includes the complete title of the journal in which a document was published. A few journals may be indexed by their abbreviated title. Enter the first few words of the journal title. The Journal Name index will appear, from which you may select one or more Journal Name(s) to search. jw Journal Word example: hospital pharmacy.jw. The Journal Word (JW) field includes all the IPA Journal Names in a word-indexed format. This allows retrieval of every Journal Name that includes a particular word or phrase. Search by entering the desired word or phrase. Browse and select from the index by entering only a single word. lg Language example: eng.lg. The Language field indicates the language in which the source document was published. It contains a 3-letter code, usually taken from the first 3-letters of the language name (e.g., "fre" for "French.") Search or browse the index by entering the first 3-letters of the desired language name. The index can be scrolled quickly to view all languages which appear in the IPA database. For a spelled-out list of languages, use the pull-down menu option "Limits/Languages." pc Pharmacologic/Therapeutic Classification example: antihistamines.pc. The Pharmacologic/Therapeutic Classification field contains the following information: -AHFS drug class name. It has been separately phrase-indexed and can be retrieved easily by browsing the index display with the first few letters of the class name. -AHFS drug class code number. It appears with and is searched with a space in place of the colons and periods found in the printed version. It has been separately phrase-indexed and will be retrieved easily by browsing the index display with the first few digits of the code. -Generic drug name. It has been separately phrase-indexed and will be retrieved easily by browsing the index display with the first few letters of the drug name. When searching the PC field directly, truncation (using the "$") is recommended. pg Pagination example: "130".pg. The Pagination(PG) field includes the starting page number for journal documents, or the total page count for non-serial documents. Enter only the starting page number or page count. Page ranges are not searchable. pt Publication Type example: editorial.pt. The Publication Type field describes the general form and substance of the document, e.g., "editorial" or "review." Enter the desired Publication Type. You will then be presented with a complete list of Publication Types, from which you may choose one or more. rn Registry Number example: 58-93-5.rn. The Registry Number field contains the Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number for compounds mentioned in the document. Registry Numbers appear with hyphens, e.g., (50-00-0). You may search or browse the index with the hyphens, or by substituting spaces for hyphens. When documents are displayed, the corresponding chemical name follows the Registry Number and appears with special characters removed. rs Related Concept Heading example 1: institutional pharmacy practice.rs. example 2: "2".rs. The Related Concept Heading field contains one of 25 broad classifications used to describe a document's secondary focus. Examples include "Adverse Drug Reactions," "Drug Stability," "Pharmaceutics," etc. Since the RS field is phrase-indexed, search using the full descriptive text, or use a "$" to truncate after the first few words. You may also search by code number. Note that the label "CH" is available as a superlabel containing the CC and RS fields. Search with your term qualified to CH [e.g. pharmacol$.ch.] to search the CC and RS fields together. rw Registry Word example: hydrochlorothiazide.rw. The Registry Word field contains the word-indexed chemical name of the compound indicated in the Registry Number (RN) field. The RW field can be used to search portions of chemical names. sh Subject Headings example: aspirin combination caffeine.sh. The Subject Headings field contains index terms taken from IPA's controlled vocabulary, and are used to describe the content of a document in a standardized manner. This field contains primary and secondary drug terms and non-drug terms. The appropriate primary and secondary terms have been precoordinated and are phrase-indexed. To search for a primary term, enter the term followed by "$" for truncation. To search for a primary term combined with its precoordinated secondary term, simply remove the parentheses, e.g., "Aspirin (combination caffeine)" would be retrieved by entering "aspirin combination caffeine.sh." Browse and select from the index by entering the first few letters of any primary term. sl Summary Language example: rus.sl. The Summary Language field indicates the language(s) of the summaries or abstracts which are included with the document, and are noted when the summary is in a language different from the language of the source document. The SL field contains a 3-letter code, usually taken from the first 3-letters of the Summary Language name (e.g., "fre" for "French.") This field appears in only a small number of documents. so Source example: jama.so. [SO contains the JN, VO, IP, PG and YR fields] The Source field includes all the basic information needed to locate a citation, including the Journal Name or Monograph Publisher, Volume, Issue, Pagination, and Year of Publication. ti Title example: antithyroid drugs.ti. The Title (TI) field contains the document's title. If a document refers to a conference, this field also includes the name and/or title of the conference, its location and date. Stopwords such as "of" or "the" will display in documents but do not appear in the Title index. However, the word "a," which is a stopword in other fields, can be searched in the title. tn Trade Name example: tylenol.tn. The Trade Name/Generic Name field contains the proprietary name of a drug, its corresponding generic name, and, if applicable, its combination components. This field is both word and phrase indexed. tw Text Word [TI and AB fields] example: drug abuse.tw. The Text Word field searches simultaneously in the Title (TI) and Abstract (AB) fields, and is appropriate for a free-text search intended for broad retrieval. vo Volume example: "12".vo. The Volume field includes the volume number of the journal in which the document was published. Enter the desired volume number, e.g., "12." yr Publication Year example 1: 95.yr. example 2: 1995.yr. The Publication Year field contains the year in which a document was published. The year may be searched using two or four digits, e.g., "95" or "1995." Only individual years may be searched here; do not enter a range of years. To restrict sets to a range of years, use the Limit to Publication Year feature. The YR is normally displayed as part of the Source (SO) field.
The following are the Ovid limits for the International Pharmaceutical Abstracts database.
Abstracts Command Syntax ..l/ ab=y Sentence Syntax limit 1 to abstracts Human Study Sentence Syntax limit 1 to human Language Sentence Syntax limit 1 to french Command Syntax ..l/1 lg=fre Local Holdings Sentence Syntax limit 1 to local holdings Publication Year Sentence Syntax limit 1 to yr=95 Command Syntax ..l/1 yr=1995 [Ranges available in Limit menu]
Command Syntax: ..c/ipab Sentence Syntax: use ipab
<1> Accession Number 34-04105 Author Rowe, R. Institution Zeneca Pharm., Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, England. Title Applying neural computing to product formulation. Source Manufacturing Chemist. 67(Oct): p 21, 23. 1996. Abstract Applications of neural networks that mimic the processing capabilities of the human brain to commercial product formulation, including benefits, characteristics, available software, and future integration, are presented. (6 refs.) (Abstract by Elizabeth G. Rudnic.) Subject Headings Computers (formulations). Formulations (computers). Industry, pharmaceutical (computers). Research (formulations). Concept Heading Information Processing and Literature [25]. Related Concept Heading Pharmaceutical Technology [1]. Language English Publication Type Journal article. ISSN 0025-2557 CODEN MCANAH Entry Month 9703 <2> Accession Number 34-04019 Author Ferner, RE. Institution West Midlands Ctr. for Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting, City Hosp., Birmingham B18 7QH, England. Title Newly licensed drugs. Source British Medical Journal. 313(Nov 9): p 1157-1158. 1996. Journal Abbreviation Br Med J Abstract The risks of allowing general prescribing of newly licensed drugs are discussed, including incomplete data regarding adverse events and relative efficacy, rational prescribing and cost considerations, and a recommendation for licensing drugs on a probational basis in order to better assess the clinical safety and usefulness of new drugs; examples of new drugs that have been marketed without adequate evaluation of efficacy, toxicity, and costs are briefly discussed. (11 refs.) (Abstract by Peggy L. Ruppel.) Subject Headings Drugs (new). Postmarketing surveillance (new drugs). Marketing (new drugs). Clinical studies (new drugs). Costs (new drugs). Toxicity (new drugs). Drugs, investigational (approvals). Rational therapy (new drugs). Prescribing (new drugs). Concept Heading Sociology, Economics and Ethics [22]. Language English Publication Type Editorial. Journal article. ISSN 0007-1447 CODEN BMJOAE Entry Month 9703
This database is copyrighted by the American Society of Health System Pharmacists, Inc. No part of this database may be duplicated in hard-copy or machine-readable form without written authorization from the American Society of Health System Pharmacists. The American Society of Health System Pharmacists represents that the database provided hereunder was formulated with a reasonable standard of care, and in conformance to professional standards in the field. Except with respect to the foregoing and as otherwise specifically provided in this agreement, the American Society of Health System Pharmacists makes no representations or warranties, expressed or implied, including but not limited to, any implied warrant of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to such database and specifically disclaims all such warranties and representations. Users are advised that decisions regarding drug therapy are the responsibility of the clinician; and that this database International Pharmaceutical Abstracts is provided for information purposes only. The entire monograph for a drug should be reviewed for a through understanding of the drug's actions, uses, and side effects.
Revised 4 April, 1997