PREMEDLINE (PREM), the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) in-process database for MEDLINE, provides basic information and abstracts before a record is indexed with MeSH heading(s) and added to MEDLINE. PREMEDLINE, like MEDLINE itself, encompasses information from Index Medicus, Index to Dental Literature, and International Nursing, as well as other sources of coverage in the areas of allied health, biological and physical sciences, humanities and information science (as they relate to medicine and health care, communication disorders, population biology, and reproductive biology).
New records are added daily* to PREMEDLINE, appearing when the content of the record meets the scope of the PREMEDLINE database. After MeSH terms, publication types, GenBank accession numbers, and other indexing data are incorporated into a PREMEDLINE record; the completed citation is added to MEDLINE. Completed PREMEDLINE records are added as citations to MEDLINE on a weekly basis. (*Ovid downloads records from NLM daily, but is dependent upon the National Library of Medicine's update schedule.)
Support and Technical Contact:
Jane Rosov
8600 Rockville Pike
Building 38A, Mr 4N421
Bethesda, MD 20894
Telephone: (301) 496-7706
Fax: (301) 496-0822
janer@nlm.nih.gov
Years of Coverage
1966-Present
Default Fields for Unqualified Searches
TI, AB
All Display/Print/Save Fields
AN, AU, TI, OT, SO, AB, IN, IS, JN, JC, LG, MI, NO, MS, SB, PT, UP
Default Display/Print/Save Fields
AU, AN, SO, TI, AB, ST
Elements of SO (Source) Field
VO, IP, JN, PG, YR, DA, SE, MO, PB
Online Update Frequency
Daily
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Label Name/Example
======= ============= AB Abstract [Word Indexed]
bone density.ab. drug abuse.ab.
Since 1975, MEDLINE has included author-written abstracts from journals whose publishers gave NLM permission for their use. These abstracts appear in the Abstract (AB) field. Approximately 60% of the documents in MEDLINE contain abstracts.
Abstracts which exceed 250 words (or, for core cancer journals or long articles, 400 words) are truncated. The Abstract field includes a display of number of References in an article.
AN Accession Number [Phrase Indexed]The Accession Number field contains an 8-digit number assigned by PREMEDLINE to uniquely identify a particular record. This number is also the one used to locate the document through NLM's document delivery service.
10733792.an.
AU Author [Phrase Indexed]The Author (AU) field contains up to twenty-five authors. The format for authors is last name followed by one or more initials: Smith JC or Smith J.
raab jr.au. smith $.au.
Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name and first initial. If you are unsure of the spelling of the last name (as in the case of "macdonald" or "mcdonald"), enter one version and then scroll through the list of names to find the other.
DA Day [Phrase Indexed]The day field consists of the day of publication for a citation. This field is usually displayed as part of the Source field.
"10".da.
IN Institution [Word Indexed]The Institution (IN) field contains the primary author's affiliation, which is usually the source for a reprint of the article. This information is available for most documents since 1988. Beginning in 1996, the primary author's email address will also be included, if present in the journal.
harvard.in. case western.in.
IP Issue/Part [Word Indexed]The Issue/Part field (IP) contains the Issue and/or part for a particular volume of a journal. The IP field usually displays as part of the Source (SO) field.
"3".ip. "45".ip.
IS ISSN [Phrase Indexed]The ISSN (IS) field contains the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) for the journal in which an article was published. It appears as an 8-digit number, separated by a hyphen: 0028-4793.
0098 7484.is. 8756 8519.is.
JA Journal Abbreviation [Phrase Indexed]The Journal Abbreviation (JA) field contains the abbreviated name of the journal in which the article was published.
clin chem lab med.ja. urol nurs.ja.
Abbreviated journal names are indexed as phrases. So to search, enter enough letters of the journal name to locate the name in the index.
JN Journal Name [Phrase Indexed]The Journal Name (JN) field contains the full name of the journal in which the article was published.
archives of dermatology.jn. jama.jn.
Journal names are indexed as phrases, so enter enough letters of the journal name to locate the name in the index, as in: new engl (for New England Journal of Medicine).
Stopwords such as "of" are included in the JN index. But whenever "the" is the first word of a journal, it has been stripped.
JW Journal Word [Word Indexed]The Journal Word (JW) field contains individual words from every journal name in MEDLINE. Stopwords such as "the" or "of" are not included. This field is used to retrieve every occurrence of a journal that includes a particular word, such as "obstetrics".
obstetrics.jw. psychology.jw.
LG Language [Phrase Indexed]The Language (LG) field contains the language(s) of publication of an article. The language name will appear in the index as a 3-letter code (such as fre for French); the codes are usually, but not always, the first three letters of the language name.
fre.lg. eng.lg.
The language index is quickly scrollable to determine all languages that appear in MEDLINE.
MI MEDLINE Identifier [Phrase Indexed]The MEDLINE Identifier (MI) field contains the MEDLINE number first assigned by NLM. This number is another unique identifier of the records; however, not all records will have them.
20112324.mi.
MO Month [Phrase Indexed]The month field consists of the month of publication for a citation. This field is usually displayed as part of the Source field.
august.mo.
MS Molecular Sequence [Phrase Indexed]The Molecular Sequence (MS) field contains an organizational acronym and the unique identifier that organization has applied to a molecular sequence. The acronym appears first followed by a hyphen and the unique identifier, as in genbank-x54893.ms.. The Molecular Sequence (MS) field was added to MEDLINE in 1988.
embl-x54741.ms. swissprot-p04324.ms.
NO Grant Numbers [Phrase Indexed]The Grant Numbers (NO) field was created by NLM in 1981 to specify documents reporting on federally-funded research.
1a132535.no. 4022.no.
Grant or contract numbers are displayed in full, but special characters (except hyphens) have been removed from the index.
PG Pagination [Phrase Indexed]The first page on which an article appears is indexed in the Page (PG) field. Often a journal title combined with the beginning page number is enough to locate a citation. This field is usually displayed as part of the Source (SO) field.
"44".pg. "237".pg.
PT Publication Type [Phrase Indexed]In addition to indexing documents with Medical Subject Headings, the indexers at the National Library of Medicine assign terms to describe the article type. Publication Types include such classifications as reviews, clinical trials, directories and letters. These terms appear in the Publication Type (PT) field.
bibliography.pt. review.pt.
SB Journal Subset [Phrase Indexed]The MEDLINE database is divided into subsets of journals in five broad categories. These journal subsets appear as codes in the Journal Subset (SB) field:
d.sb. a.sb.
a = Abridged Index Medicus Journals: 119 English-language, clinically-oriented Journalsd = Dental Journals
n = Nursing Journals
c = 180 Cancer Journals identified by NCI
m = high priority medical journals
SE Season [Phrase Indexed]The season field consists of the season of publication for a citation. This field is usually displayed as part of the Source field.
autumn.se.
SO Source (VO, IP, JN, PG, YR, DA, SE)The Source (SO) field includes a display of all the basic information needed to locate a citation, including the full Journal Name or Monograph Publisher, the Vol/Issue, pagination and year of publication.
baltimore.so. brain.so.
ST Status [Word Indexed]The Status (ST) field contains the status of the citation, as to whether it is a publisher record or a PREMEDLINE record. PREMEDLINE records will eventually be taken out and put into the MEDLINE database. Publisher records remain in the PREMEDLINE database.
premedline.st. publisher.st.
TI Title [Word Indexed]The Title (TI) field contains the English language version of a title. For documents which were not written in English, the original or transliterated title appears in a separate field, Original Title.
bone.ti. nursing care.ti.
Stopwords such as "of" or "the" will display in documents but do not appear in the Title index. However, the word "a", which is a stopword in other fields CAN be searched in titles.
The title sometimes includes notes, in brackets, about the article, such as an indication that it is a letter, editorial, or comment.
UP Update Code [Phrase Indexed]The Update Code (UP) field contains the date the citation was entered into PREMEDLINE. The UP field appears in the format: YYYYMMDD, as in 20000106 for January 6, 2000.
2000106.up. (for the January 6, 2000 update)
VO Volume [Phrase Indexed]The Volume (VO) field consists of the volume and issue of a serial publication. This field is usually displayed as part of the Source (SO) field.
"49".vo. "13".vo.
YR Year [Phrase Indexed]The Year (YR) field contains the year in which an article or monograph was published. Only the four-digit year appears in the index.
1996.yr.
English Language
A limit to English will restrict retrieval to articles that are written in the English language. Foreign language articles with English abstracts will be eliminated by a limit to English.
Review Articles
A limit to Review Articles will restrict retrieval to articles which are reviews of a subject. For NLM databases this includes all review types: Review Literature; Review of Reported Cases; Review, Academic; Review, Multicase; and Review, Tutorial.
Abstracts
Limit to abstracts to restrict retrieval to "an abbreviated, accurate representation of a work, usually without added interpretation or criticism, accompanied by a bibliographic reference to the original work when appearing separately from it." (ALA Glossary)
Latest Update
New documents are added to the PREMEDLINE database at regular intervals. A limit to latest update restricts retrieval to documents that were most recently added to the database.
Abstracts Command Syntax: ..l/ ab=y Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to abstractsEnglish Language Command Syntax: ..l/1 en=y Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to english
Languages Command Syntax: ..l/1 lg=fre Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to french
Publication Types Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to journal article limit 1 to clinical trial limit 1 to review
Publication Years Command Syntax: ..l/1 yr=1996 Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to yr=1996
Examples:
Sentence Syntax: use prem Command Syntax: ..c/prem
Accession Number
9892845
Status
Medline Record in Progress
Author
Carro E. Senaris RM. Seoane LM. Frohman LA. Arimura A. Casanueva FF. Dieguez C
Institution
Department of Physiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago), University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Title
Role of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone and somatostatin on leptin-induced GH secretion.
Source
Neuroendocrinology, 69(1):3-10, 1999 January.
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone secreted by the adipocytes that regulates food intake and energy expenditure. It is known that growth hormone (GH) secretion is markedly influenced by body weight, being suppressed in obesity and cachexia, and recent data have demonstrated that GH release is regulated by leptin levels. Although one of the sites of action of leptin is likely to be the hypothalamus, since leptin receptor mRNA is particularly abundant in several hypothalamic nuclei, the mechanisms by which leptin regulates GH secretion are not yet known. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether leptin could act at the hypothalamic level modulating somatostatin and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) expression. The administration of anti-GHRH serum (500 microl, i.v.) completely blocked leptin-induced GH release in fasting rats. In contrast, the treatment with anti-somatostatin serum (500 microl, i.v.) significantly increased GH release in this condition. Furthermore, leptin administration (10 microg, i.c.v.) to intact fasting animals reversed the inhibitory effect produced by fasting on GHRH mRNA levels in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, and increased somatostatin mRNA content in the periventricular nucleus. Finally, leptin administration (10 microg, i.c.v.) to hypophysectomized fasting rats increased GHRH mRNA levels, and decreased somatostatin mRNA content, indicating an effect of leptin on hypothalamic GHRH- and somatostatin-producing neurons. These findings suggest a role for GHRH and somatostatin as mediators of leptin-induced GH secretion.
Language
English
ISSN
0028-3835
Journal Subset
M
Medline Identifier
99110855
Update Code
20000315
The following use of data from MEDLINE, AIDSLINE, BIOETHICSLINE, PREMEDLINE and HEALTHSTAR requires no written permission from or signed licence agreement with NLM:
Users may download small amounts of data, e.g., the bibliographic citation and MeSH terms, for a small number of citations from the databases listed above for redistribution either via a printed publication or in electronic form using the Internet, World Wide Web, etc. Downloading from a MEDLARS licensee, such as OVID is subject to the licensee's approval.
Definitions:
1. Download includes ftping results of an online search, arranging for the results of an automatic stored search to be available for ftp, ftping MEDLARS data from the NLM server (nlmpubs.nlm.nih.gov), or a traditional download using a modem.
2. Small is defined as approximately 1,000 records per month from MEDLINE; 12,000 per year. Retrospective pulls of MEDLINE may include up to approximately 12,000 records for each year covered. For other MEDLARS databases, fewer than 25% of records in the file may be downloaded. For larger portions of a MEDLARS database, contact Janer@nlm.nuh.gov or 301-496-7706 for licensing information.
3. Data is defined as bibliographic citations and MeSH terms. This document grants permission to download only the bibliographic citations and MeSH terms, it does not cover author abstracts from the journals which are included in MEDLINE and other MEDLARS databases. Users should obtain an opinion from their legal counsel for any use they plan for the author-generated abstracts in the MEDLARS database.
Terms and Conditions:
Users must ensure that all downloaded publicly accessible data stored in electronic form for over one year must be in compliance with the following provisions of the NLM license agreement:
A. Users of this data must be provided a clear description of how the product/service was derived, indicating the currency and the source database.
B. At least annually, the data downloaded must be corrected to incorporate the corrections NLM has made to these records during the year in and year end maintenance. MEDLARS data in any subsequently produced product/service must be carefully checked with that maintained on NLM's version of the database at the end of each calendar year and corrections made.
C. Users are advised to consult legal counsel to ensure compliance with intellectual property laws. NLM cannot provide advice about copyright issues.
D. Since NLM goes to considerable efforts to assign MeSH terms, it prefers that these be retained as assigned by the indexers.
E. All downloaded NLM records (or portions thereof) must be labeled so as to identify NLM as the source.
F. Trademark symbols must properly be used when referring to the NLM databases, system and products. A product/service using downloaded data must be named in a fashion that clearly distinguishes it from NLM-produced databases accessible at NLM.
Last update on April 7, 2000 (LAM), Ovid Technologies, Inc.