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===== ============ Label Name/Example ===== ============ ab Abstract [Word Indexed] Two-dimensional black holes.ab. The Abstract (AB) field summarizes the content of the document and may also provide a description of the background, methods, results, and/or conclusions. Stopwords such as "of" or "the" will display in the Abstract field, but are not searchable and will not appear in the Abstract index. an Accession Number [Phrase Indexed] 005106092.an. The Accession Number (AN) field contains a unique 9-digit number. This number is composed of a variable length number provided by INSPEC and is preceded by zeros. ao Astronomical Object [Word Indexed] cen x-3.ao. The Astronomical Object (AO) field contains designations for astronomical objects discussed in the bibliographic item to which the record refers. This field may contain an acronym (e.g. LMC) or positional information (e.g. 013022+30233). Or, it may contain an acronym for a catalogue followed by a catalogue entry number (e.g. NGC 204) or the approximate location in the sky (usually in terms of right ascension and declination) or galactic coordinates (G 345.01+1.79). INSPEC follows the guidelines produced by the International Astronomical Union. A thesaurus-type document entitled "Nomenclature of Astronomical Catalogue Designations" is available from INSPEC. au Author [Phrase Indexed] hawking sw.au. The Author (AU) field contains the names of the authors or editors of an item. In the case of a patent, the field contains the names of the inventors. The format for authors is Smith AE, or Smith A. Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name and the first initial. If you are unsure of the spelling of the last name (macdonald or mcdonald), enter one version and then scroll through the list of names to find the other. ax Abstract Number [Phrase Indexed] a90110740.ax. The Abstract Number (AX) field contains the number(s) within the various sections of the INSPEC database. These sections are A (Physics), B (Electrical & Electronic Engineering), C (Computing & Control Engineering), and D (Information Technology). Items starting with A, B, and C are those assigned to the item as published in one of the INSPEC Abstracts Journals. An item may appear in more than one section, and may have more than one Abstract Number. ca Corporate Author [Word Indexed] ibm.ca. The Corporate Author (CA) field contains the name of the issuing organization for a dissertation or a report. Enter the single most descriptive word in a corporate author name, for example, "Harvard," not "University." Consider both full spellings and abbreviations. cc Classification Codes [Phrase Indexed] b0240g.cc. crystal growth.cc. The Classification Codes (CC) field contains the appropriate code or codes from the INSPEC Classification. Codes begin with a letter identifying the section of the Classification they appear in. Any item may appear in more than one section. Sections include Physics (A), Electrical and Electronic Engineering (B), Computers and Control (C) and Information Technology (D). The numerical Classification Codes and the phrases that describe them are each stored separately in the CC index so that one could search on A9650D.cc. to retrieve the same documents as "Interplanetary dust".cc. To view and select from the hierarchical list of codes with corresponding terms, use the Tools/ Classification Codes option. cd CODEN [Phrase Indexed] prvdaq.cd. The CODEN (CD) field contains the full 6 character CODEN, including check digit. The CODEN corresponds with the journal in the Source field. The CODEN for the translated source can be viewed in the Translated Source (TS) field. cf Conference Information [Word Indexed] fuzzy logic.cf. albuquerque.cf. The Conference Information (CF) field contains the title, location, and dates of the conference and may contain the name of the sponsoring organization. ch Chemicals [Phrase Indexed] caco3.ch. pb03-ss.ch. The Chemicals (CH) field, which first appears in 1987, contains data on the significant substances and material systems discussed in a paper. Organic substances are not covered by this indexing. Search on either an entire chemical compound, or any chemical group that is a subset of that compound. For example, search on H2S04 or simply search on S04 for all compounds containing S04. Roles can be applied to compounds to indicate the number of elements in the compound. For example, to retrieve a binary system containing H2, enter the compound followed by the appropriate code for the type of role you are interested in. For example, "H2 bin" will search for H2 as part of a binary system. Or, search for H2 and use the Limit/Chemical Role menu to select a role. Roles which can be used are: el - Element bin - Binary System ss - System with 3 or more components dop - Dopant int - Interface System sur - Surface or Substrate ads - Adsorbate or any sorbate cl U.S. Government Clearing House Number [Phrase Indexed] ad 672317.cl. The US Government Clearing House Number (CL) field contains the identification number assigned to a report by the US Government Clearing House for Federal Scientific and Technical Information. cn Contract Number [Phrase Indexed] af 19 628 5098.cn. nas1-9910.cn. The Contract Number (CN) field contains the contract number(s) under which work described in a technical report has been performed. cp Country of Publication [Phrase Indexed] russia.cp. The Country of Publication (CP) field contains the full name of the country where the work was published. Country names are indexed as phrases. Enter the first few letters of the country and select it from the index. For example, enter "Pacific" to select "Pacific Islands." cw Classification Code Words [Word Indexed] supernovae.cw. Sometimes you may wish to retrieve every classification code that corresponds with a particular word; this is done by searching a single word in the Classification Code Words (CW) field. dn Document Number [Phrase Indexed] s0010 938x 96 00040 6.dn. The Document Number (DN) field contains the publisher's unique document- specific identity number. These are being increasingly used by publishers particularly to identify documents in electronic journals. ed Editor [Editor Indexed] Smith, B.ed. The Editor (ED) field contains the names of an editor of an item. Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, the last name and the first initial.
hw Heading Words [Word Indexed]
beryllium.hw.
vortices.hw.
Sometimes you may wish to retrieve every subject heading that contains
a particular word; this is done by searching a single word in the
Heading Word (HW) field.
You can also view subject headings which contain a particular word by
using the Permuted Index under the Tools option.
ib Standard Book Number [Phrase Indexed]
3 540 60084 1.ib.
The IB (Standard Book Number) field contains the International Standard
Book Number (ISBN) or Standard Book Number (SBN) when applicable.
id Key Phrase Identifiers [Word Indexed]
knowledge based systems.id.
The Key Phrase Identifiers (ID) field contains free-language words or
phrases which are assigned by INSPEC indexers. These give a more
exhaustive description of the content of the document than that which is
provided by the original title or by controlled index terms.
in Institution [Word Indexed]
cambridge univ.in.
The Institution (IN) field contains the primary author's or editor's
affiliation.
Enter the single most descriptive word in an institution ("harvard," not
"university"). Consider both full spellings and abbreviations.
ip Issue/Part [Word Indexed]
"71".ip.
The Issue/Part (IP) field contains the issue and/or part for a
particular volume of a journal or other publication. The IP field
displays as part of the Source (SO).
is ISSN [Phrase Indexed]
1051 8215.is.
The ISSN (IS) field contains the ISSN of the original journal. The
ISSN of the translation can be viewed in the Translated Source field.
jn Journal Name [Phrase Indexed]
theoretical computer science.jn.
ieee journal of quantum electronics.jn.
The Journal Name (JN) field contains the full name of the journal in
which the article was published. The Journal Name displays in the
Source (SO) field.
Journal names are indexed as phrases, so enter enough letters of the
journal name to locate the name in the index: "human comp" for "Human
Computer Interaction."
Stopwords such as "of" ARE included in the JN index, but when "the"
is the first word of a journal, it has been stripped.
jw Journal Word [Word Indexed]
radio.jw.
neural.jw.
The Journal Word (JW) index contains individual words from every
journal name in INSPEC. This field is used to retrieve every occurrence
of a journal that contains a particular word, such as "lasers."
Stopwords such as "the" or "of" are not included.
lg Language [Word Indexed]
english.lg.
japanese.lg.
The Language (LG) field contains the language or languages of the item
abstracted.
nd Numeric Data [Word Indexed]
density.nd.
time.nd.
The Numerical Data (ND) field, which first appears in 1987, contains
structured numeric data. The data is more likely to be operating or
experimental parameters rather than measured values or experimental
results. Only data which is in the title or abstract or is encountered
by the indexer in writing the abstract is considered for inclusion.
To limit to articles discussing a particular type (such as Velocity)
without actually searching on the actual numeric value, use the
Limit / Numeric Data option.
pb Publisher Information [Word Indexed]
Dublin.pb.
The Publisher Information (PB) index contains the words in the name of
the publisher of a book, conference proceedings, dissertation, and from
1996, journals.
pg Pages [Word Indexed]
"101".pg.
The Pagination (PG) field contains either the number of pages in a book,
conference proceeding, or dissertation, or the inclusive page numbers of
the original journal paper, conference paper, report section, or book
chapter.
pi Patent Information [Word Indexed]
bissett berman.pi.
The Patent Information (PI) index is used in documents dating prior to
1977 only. The Patent Information field contains information unique to
patents such as the application number, country of application, date
filed, and patent assignee.
pj Translated Source Journal Name [Phrase Indexed]
fluid dynamics.pj.
The Translated Source Journal Name (PJ) field contains the full name of
the journal in which the translation was published. The Translated
Source Journal Name displays in the Translated Source field.
pt Publication Type [Phrase Indexed]
dissertation.pt.
The Publication Type (PT) field defines the type of document the
bibliographic record refers to.
All records in the database are assigned one of the following
publication types: Journal Paper, Book, Book Chapter, Conference
Proceedings, Conference Paper, Patent (prior to 1977 only),
Dissertation, Report, or Report Section.
pu Publisher [Word Indexed]
cambridge.pu.
The Publisher (PU) field contains the publisher of a record. This field
usually displays as a part of the Source (SO) field.
rn Report Number [Phrase Indexed]
mpa 891.rn.
The Report Number (RN) field contains the primary identification number
of a report. This is normally the number given to the report by the
issuing organization (not the US Government Clearing House Number).
INSPEC treats IEEE Standards as reports. If no report number is
available, the field contains the word "unnumbered."
The Report Number field is word indexed so any part of the report
number can be searched separately, if desired.
sh Subject Headings [Phrase Indexed]
magnetic resonance.sh.
The Subject Heading (SH) field contains controlled index terms assigned
to the document from the INSPEC Thesaurus.
Subject Headings are entered into the index as phrases and should be
searched as they appear in the published INSPEC Thesaurus or in the
Thesaurus display that you can go to by using the Tools/Thesaurus
Option.
si SICI [Phrase Indexed]
1432.si.
0453 4654.si.
The SICI (SI) field contains the Serial Item Contribution Identifier as
defined in ANSI Standard Z39.56 (1991). This code is generated
automatically for journal articles, from other data elements, where
enough of these have been collected by INSPEC to produce a valid SICI
code. The code contains some or all of the following elements: ISSN,
Chronology, Enumeration, Location Number, Title Code, Standard Version
Number, and Check Character.
so Source
physical review letters.so.
The Source (SO) field displays all of the basic information needed to
locate a citation, including full journal name, or monograph, publisher,
the vol/issue, pagination, and date of publication.
ti Title [Word Indexed]
quantum coherence.ti.
information society.ti.
The Title (TI) field contains the bibliographic record, for example,
titles of journal papers, book chapters, conference proceedings,
conference papers, patents, dissertations, and report sections.
Stopwords such as "of" or "the" will display in documents but do not
appear in the Title index. However, the word "a", which is a stopword
in other fields CAN be searched in titles.
tr Treatment [Phrase Indexed]
bibliography.tr.
new development.tr.
The Treatment (TR) field can be used to enhance searching when a search on
subject descriptive data elements is not enough. Treatments can be
searched directly using the phrase or code, or they can be applied using
the Limit option.
Nine types of treatment can be assigned to a document. The treatments,
along with a short code, are Application (A), Bibliography (B),
Economic (E), General Review (G), New Development (N), Practical (P),
Product Review (R), Theoretical or Mathematical (T), and
Experimental (X).
The Treatment Field was first used in 1971.
up Update Code [Phrase Indexed]
200139.up.
The Update Code (UP) field contains an six-digit number indicating the
year and week of the update. For example, 199805 represents the update
for the fifth week of 1998.
ur URL [Phrase Indexed]
firstmonday.ur.
The URL (UR) field contains the Internet Uniform Resource Locator of
electronic documents and document collections that have URLs that are
believed to be stable.
Each part of the URLs and file names are indexed, so enter the most
descriptive word or words in a URL or file name.
vo Volume [Word Indexed]
"22".vo.
302.vo.
The Volume (VO) index contains the volume number of a serial
publication. This field is displayed as part of the Source (SO) field.
yr Year of Publication [Phrase Indexed]
2001.yr.
The Year (YR) index contains the year in which an article or monograph
was published. The year is indexed as four digits.
av Availability -- display only -- The Availability (AV) field, when present, indicates where copies of the original document can be obtained. It is also used to convey information about the medium in which the document is available (such as microfiche). ce U.S. Copyright Clearance Center Code -- display only -- The US Copyright Clearance Center Code (CE) contains the US Copyright Clearance Center Code. The Copyright Clearance Center (21 Congress St, Salem, Massachusetts 01970) conveys authorizations to photocopy to users of copyrighted material from thousands of copyright owners, mainly publishers; royalty fees are collected from photocopy users and distributed to appropriate publishers. cr Copyright -- display only -- The Copyright (CR) field contains a statement on the copyright of the bibliographic record. It does not indicate the copyright ownership of the published item to which the bibliographic record refers. ED Editor --display only-- The Editor (ED) field contains the names of the editors of a monograph. Editors can be searched in the Author (AU) access point. EN Editor Affiliation --display only-- The Editor Affiliation (EN) field gives the affiliation of the first- named editor at the time the work was done. LH Local Holdings --display only-- The Local Holdings (LH) field indicates (with a "Y" or an "N") if a journal is held locally. LM Local Messages --display only-- The Local Messages (LM) field contains messages created by the System Administrator to indicate information about journals held in your local library system. ts Translated Source --display only-- The Translated Source (TS) field contains the full title of an English language cover-to-cover translation journal, along with the date, volume, issue, page number, ISSN and CODEN of the translation when available.
Publication Year Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to yr=1996 Command Syntax: ..l/1 yr=1996 You can restrict retrieval to any of the years covered by the INSPEC database. If you choose this option you will be prompted to enter the desired year; the format is 4 digits (1989) or a range (1994-1995). Languages Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to spanish A limit to Language will restrict your retrieval to any of the languages in the limit list. If you choose this option you will be presented with an alphabetic list of languages from which to select. Treatments Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to application The Treatment (TR) field can be used to enhance searching when search on subject descriptive data elements is not enough. Nine type of treatment can be assigned. By selecting this option, you will be presented with a list of treatments and their descriptions. Publication Types Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to book limit 1 to conference paper limit 1 to report A limit to Publication Types can restrict retrieval to one of nine publication types. By selecting this option, you will be presented with a list of publication types and descriptions to choose from. Chemical Roles Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to binary system limit 1 to el Chemical Roles can be applied to compounds to indicate the number of elements in the compound. For example, to retrieve a binary system containing H2, search on H2.ch. and then limit the search to binary. Numeric Data Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to altitude limit 1 to galactic distance limit 1 to wavelength Select this option to select from a descriptive list of the different types of numeric data limits available. The data is more likely to be operating or experimental parameters rather than measured values or experimental results. Only data which is in the title or abstract or is encountered by the indexer in writing the abstract is considered for inclusion.
Command Syntax: ..c/insp Sentence Syntax: use insp
Accession Number 005451210 Author Sessler AM. Institution Center for Beam Phys., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA, USA. Title The cooling of particle beams. Source AIP. American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, no.356, 1996, pp.391-407. USA. Country of Publication USA. Conference Information Future of Accelerator Physics. The Tamura Symposium. Austin, TX, USA. Nov. 1994. Abstract A review is given of the various methods which can be employed for cooling particle beams. These methods include radiation damping, stimulated radiation damping, ionization cooling, stochastic cooling, electron cooling, laser cooling, and laser cooling with beam coupling. Laser cooling has provided beams of the lowest temperatures, namely 1 mK, but only for ions and only for the longitudinal temperature. Recent theoretical work has suggested how laser cooling, with the coupling of beam motion, can be used to reduce the ion beam temperature in all three directions. The majority of this paper is devoted to describing laser cooling and laser cooling with beam coupling. (20 References). Abstract Number A9703-2925-014; B9702-7410B-018 Subject Headings Beam handling techniques; Cooling; Particle beams. Key Phrase Identifiers particle beam cooling; radiation damping; stimulated radiation damping; ionization cooling; stochastic cooling; electron cooling; laser cooling; beam coupling; longitudinal temperature; beam motion; 1 mK. Classification Codes Beam handling, focusing, pulsing, stripping and diagnostics [A2925F]; Beams in particle accelerators [A2921]; Particle beam handling and diagnostics [B7410B]. Treatment General or Review. Numeric Data Temperature 1.0E-03 K CODEN APCPCS Language English. ISSN 0094-243X. U.S. Copyright Clearance Center Code 0094-243X/96/$6.00. Publication Type Conference Paper. SICI 0094-243X(1996)356L.391:CPB;1-2 Update Code 19960700. Copyright Copyright 1996, IEE. Accession Number 005401478 Author Aminneborg S; Bengtsson I; Holst S; Peldan P. Institution Stockholm Univ., Sweden. Title Making anti-de Sitter black holes. Source Classical & Quantum Gravity, vol.13, no.10, Oct. 1996, pp.2707-14. Publisher: IOP Publishing, UK. Country of Publication UK. Abstract It is known from the work of Banados et al. (1992) that a spacetime with event horizons (much like the Schwarzschild black hole) can be obtained from (2+1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter space through a suitable identification of points. We point out that this can be done in 3+1 dimensions as well. In this way we obtain black holes with event horizons that are tori or Riemann surfaces of genus higher than one. They can have either one or two asymptotic regions (with non- standard topology). Locally, the spacetime is isometric to anti-de Sitter space. (9 References). Abstract Number A9623-9760L-002 Subject Headings Black holes; General relativity; Space-time configurations. Key Phrase Identifiers antide Sitter black holes; event horizons; (2+1)D antide Sitter space; (3+1)D study; tori; Riemann surfaces; asymptotic regions; isometric spacetime. Classification Codes Black holes [A9760L]; Geometry, differential geometry, and topology [A0240]; Relativity and gravitation in astrophysics [A9530S]; General relativity [A0420]; Continuous media; electromagnetic and other mixed gravitational systems [A0440]. Treatment Theoretical or mathematical. CODEN CQGRDG Language English. ISSN 0264-9381. U.S. Copyright Clearance Center Code 0264-9381/96/102707+08$19.50. Publication Type Journal Paper. SICI 0264-9381(199610)13:10L.2707:MASB;1-9 Update Code 19960600. Copyright Copyright 1996, IEE.
Revised 03 October 2001