Ovid Technologies Field Guide

Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (NURSING)


Read about the CINAHL database's latest features in the 2001 CINAHL Reload News!

Scope

The Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health (CINAHL) database provides authoritative coverage of the literature related to nursing and allied health. Virtually all English-language publications are indexed along with the publications of the American Nurses Association and the National League for Nursing. Primary journals are indexed from the following allied health fields:
Cardiopulmonary Technology     Physical Therapy
Emergency Service              Physician Assistant
Health Education               Radiologic Technology
Medical/Laboratory             Technology Therapy
Medical Assistant              Social Service/Hlth Care
Medical Records                Surgical Technology
Occupational Therapy
Selected journals are also indexed in the areas of consumer health, biomedicine, and health sciences librarianship. In total, more than 1200 journals are regularly indexed; online abstracts are available for more than 800 of these titles. There are more than 7000 records with full text now included and 1200 records with images. The database also provides access to healthcare books, nursing dissertations, selected conference proceedings, standards of professional practice, educational software and audiovisual materials in nursing.

More than 10,000 CINAHL subject headings provide specific access to NAHL citations. Approximately 70 percent of CINAHL headings also appear in MEDLINE. CINAHL supplements these headings with 2,000+ terms designed specifically for nursing and allied health. All explodable headings have been pre-exploded by Ovid.


General Information

Producer
Cinahl Information Systems
1509 Wilson Terrace
Glendale, CA 91206
(800) 959-7167
(818) 409-8005
(818) 546-5679 (fax)
Website: http://www.cinahl.com
Email: support@cinahl.com
Years of Coverage
1982-present
Default Fields for Unqualified Searches
AB, IT, SH, TI
All Display/Print Fields
AN, AU, IN, TI, JA, JN, DV, VO, IP, EM, PG, RE, YR, SH, HW, LE, AB, IS, PT, SB, SI, NI, MN, PB, IT, JC, CA, TX, ID, IB, LG, RF, OS, NT, BY, RV, AD, GI, ST, TC, IM, WB, SP, CD, JW
Default Display/Print Fields
AN, CN, AU, CA, ED, CO, IN, TI, SO, JC, AS, SH, ID, AB, DF, WB, IT
Elements of the Source Field
AD, DV, IP, JN, PB, PG, VO, YR, BT, JA
Update Frequency
Weekly Online, Monthly Local

Searching the Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL) fields

The following alphabetical list provides the two-letter label, the relevant alias, and at least one example for each CINAHL field.
=====        ============
Label        Name/Example
=====        ============

ab           Abstract [Word Indexed]
             endocarditis.ab.
             infective endocarditis.ab.

Since January 1986, author abstracts have been included for certain
journals indexed in CINAHL.

In 1995 CINAHL began writing original abstracts for some journal
articles and all audiovisual and software records. A "[CINAHL Abstract]"
indicator will follow any original abstract.  Stopwords, such as "the"
and "of" are not searchable.
 

an or ui     Accession Number/Unique Identifier [Phrase Indexed]
             1993161938.an.
             1993161938.ui.

The Accession Number (AN) field contains a 10-digit number assigned by
CINAHL to uniquely identify a particular record.

Certain records also contain the eight-digit reference number that
corresponds to the Medline system of unique identifiers.
 

as           Abbreviated Source [Phrase Indexed]
             world ir nurs.as.
             nurs matters.as.

The Abbreviated Source (AS) field contains an abbreviation of the
source field, as well as a display of all the basic information
needed to locate a citation, including the Journal Name, Monograph
or Software Publisher, Vol/Issue, pagination and year of publication.
 
 

au           Author [Phrase Indexed]
             smith tf.au.

The Author (AU) field contains personal author names.  The format for
authors is last name followed by one or more initials:  Smith JC or
Smith J.

Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name and
first initial.  If you are unsure of the spelling of the last name
(macdonald or mcdonald), enter one version and you will be able to
scroll through the list of names to find the other.
 

by            Bibliography

The Bibliography field contains additional bibliographic references cited by the author.  All cited references are included.  This field is formatted like Cited References and may contain a CINAHL accession number that indicates if the original article is indexed in the database.  In addition, the Bibliography field may be multiply occurring to accommodate author(s), title, source, and abstract. This field is displayable and searchable, and has been added to selected publications in the CINAHL database for 2001.

ca           Corporate Author [Word Indexed]
             Balearic Back Pain Group.ca.

The Corporate Author (CA) field contains the name(s) of the corporate
author(s) if the document was not authored by individuals.  To search
for a corporate author, enter the most unique word or phrase in the
name.
 

cd           CINAHL Document Delivery [Word Indexed]
             wwwcinahlcom.cd.

The CINAHL Document Delivery (CD) field lists the web address for
full text pdf documents located at the CINAHL website for $12.00 each.
This field usually displays as part of the Document Delivery (DD) field.
 

cn           Special Fields Contained
             (display only)

The Special Fields Contained (CN) field lists the special text fields
that are used in any particular record. This will enable the searcher
to see what particular records contain should they have certain
fields not displayable at all times.  This field displays at all times.
 

co              Contributor [Phrase Indexed]
                ackert burrc.co.
                schaffner w.co.

The Contributor (CO) field contains contributor names in the format of last name,
followed by one or more initials.  This field is indexed under authors.
 

dd           Document Delivery
             a75825000.dd.

The Document Delivery (DD) field contains information indicating where
the full text of the document can be obtained.  When available, this
field may include: an NLM Serial Identifier, a UMI Order Number,
and/or a CINAHL web address.
 

df           Description
             abdominal.df.

The Description (df) field contains detailed information on the particular
research instrument or other document type.

dv           Division [Word Indexed]
             research.dv.

The Division (DV) field contains the name of the division, if listed, for
pamphlets and other published material.
 

ed              Editor [Phrase Indexed]
                alpeter am.ed.
                yahnke re.ed.

The Editor (ED) field contains editor names in the format of last name,
followed by one or more initials.
 

em          Entry Month [Phrase Indexed]
            200012.em
                       20010105.em

The Entry Month (EM) field contains the issue (year and month) in which
a document was added to the CINAHL database, in the format YYYYMMDD.
 

fs           Floating Subheading [Phrase Indexed]
             et.fs.

Subheadings are qualifiers added to CINAHL subject headings to refine
their meaning.  Qualifiers such as "surgery" or "therapy", when combined
with a subject heading, give a very precise idea of what an article
covers.

The Floating Subheading (FS) field contains the 2-letter codes, such as
"su" for surgery.  The spelled out subheadings for any subject heading
can be viewed using the pull-down menu TOOLS/Subheadings.
 

gi           Grant Information [Word Indexed]
             ford foundation.gi.

The Grant Information (GI) field contains funding information, including
the institution(s) and grant number (if any).
 

hw or me     Subject Heading Word [Word Indexed]
             diazepam.hw.

Sometimes you may wish to retrieve every subject heading that includes a
particular word; this is done by searching the single word in the Subject
Heading Word (HW) field.

You can also view every subject heading which contains a particular word
by using the pull-down menu Tools/Permuted Index.
 

ib           ISBN [Phrase Indexed]
             92-4-120845-7.ib.

The ISBN (IB) field contains the International Standard Book Number
(ISBN) for the book which is cited.  It appears as an 10-12 digit
numerical string.
 

id or tp     Identifiers [Term in Progress] [Word Indexed]
             nursing.id.

The Identifiers (ID) field contains subject terms being considered for
inclusion in the CINAHL Subject Headings thesaurus.
 

im           Image File Names [Phrase Indexed]
             "00006379.pdf tables and diagrams [6p]".im.

The Image File Names (IM) field contains the names of files of images
associated with a document.  These files are in PDF format.
 

in           Institution [Word Indexed]
             tufts.in.
             san francisco.in.

The Institution (IN) field has been included in CINAHL since 1992.  This
field includes the primary author's affiliation and address for journal
articles and a producer address for software records.

Certain abbreviations have been standardized in the Institution field,
including such terms as  Hospital (HOSP), Medical and Medicine (MED),
Administration (ADM), Nursing (NURS), Division (DIV), and Associate or
Association (ASSOC).
 

ip           Issue/Part [Word Indexed]
             "3".ip.

The Issue/part field (IP) contains the Issue and/or part for a particular
volume of a serial publication.  The IP field is displayed as part of the
Source.
 

is           ISSN [Phrase Indexed]
             0098-7484.is.

The ISSN (IS) field contains the International Standard Serial Number
(ISSN) for the journal in which an article was published.  It appears as
an 8-digit number, separated by a hyphen.
 

it           Instrumentation [Word Indexed]
             infant development.it.

The Instrumentation (IT) field includes the names of instruments used in
research studies indexed by CINAHL.  Names of clinical assessment tools
also appear in this field, but instrument names do not include
subscales, revised versions, edition numbers, etc.

To search for instrument names, enter the most unique word or phrase in
the name.
 

jc           Journal Code [Phrase Indexed]
             ned.jc.

The Journal Code (JC) is an alpha-numeric code established by NLM which
uniquely identifies journals indexed in NLM databases.  CINAHL journals
which are also included in NLM databases can be searched using this
code.
 

jn or so     Journal Name [Phrase Indexed]
             nursing times.jn.

The Journal Name (JN) field contains the full name of the journal in which
an article was published.
 

jw           Journal Word [Word Indexed]
             obstetrics.jw.

The Journal Word (JW) field contains individual words from every journal
name in CINAHL.  Stopwords such as "the" or "of" are not included.  This
field is used to retrieve every occurrence of a journal which includes a
particular word, such as "obstetrics."
 

le           Legal Cases [Word Indexed]
             roe v wade.le.

The Legal Cases (LE) field contains the names of legal cases found in
indexed materials.
 
 

lg           Language [Phrase Indexed]
             fre.lg.

The Language (LG) field contains the language of publication of an
article. The language name will appear in the index as a 3-letter code
(such as fre for French);  the codes are usually, but not always, the
first three letters of the language name.  In 1994, non-English
materials began to be added to the CINAHL database.

The language index is quickly scrollable to determine all languages
which appear in CINAHL.
 

ni           NLM Unique Identifier [Phrase Indexed]
             90098469.ni.

The NLM Unique Identifier (NI) field contains the Unique number assigned
by the National Library of Medicine to identify the document.  This
number can be used to order the document from NLM's DOCLINE document
delivery service.

When available, the NLM Unique Identifier will display as part of the
Accession Number (AN) field.
 

np              Named Person
                zulia p.np.

The Named Person (NP) field contains biography names in the format of last name, followed by one or more initials.
 
 

nt              Notes
               journals.nt.

The Notes field includes such information as publisher changes and instances
of an article being published in multiple journals.  In addition, Inactive Journal
Description Records (descriptions of inactive journal titles) display in the Notes
field.  These descriptions can include historical details, such as ceased publications,
name changes, and so on.  The Notes field is displayable and searchable.
 

os              Original Study

The Original Study field contains references to the original studies cited by the author.
All cited references are included.  This field is formatted like Cited References and may
contain a CINAHL accession number, as well as author(s), title, and source information.
This field is displayable and searchable, and has been added to selected publications in the
CINAHL database for 2001.
pg           Page [Word Indexed]
             "44".pg.

The first page on which an article appears is indexed in the Page (PG)
field.  Often a journal title combined with the beginning page number
and volume is enough to locate a citation.


pt           Publication Type [Phrase Indexed]
             bibliography.pt.

In addition to indexing documents with CINAHL subject headings, the
CINAHL indexers also assign terms to describe the article type.
Publication Types include such classifications as case study, computer
program, software, editorial, proceedings, and so on. These terms appear in
the Publication Type (PT) field.


rf           Cited References [Word Indexed]
             protocol.rf.

The Cited Reference (RF) field contains the bibliographic references
cited by the author.  All cited references are included.  The Cited
Reference field was added to selected publications in 1994.


rv           Reviews [Word Indexed]
             dunwoody.rv.

The Reviews (RV) field contains bibliographic information leading to
reviews of a document.


sb           Journal Subset [Phrase Indexed]
             allied health journals.sb.
             z.sb.

CINAHL includes nineteen broad journal categories, which appear as
codes in the Journal Subset (SB) field.  Each category has a
corresponding code to make searching convenient.  The categories are:

African Journals: f
Allied Health Journals: a
Alternative or Complementary Therapies: v
Asian Journals: s
Australian or New Zealand Journals: z
Biomedical Journals: b

Blind Peer Reviewed: bp
Canadian Journals: d
Computer and Information Science Journals: i
Consumer Health Journals: h
Core Nursing Journals: c

Double Blind Peer Reviewed: dp
Editorial Board Reviewed: eb
Expert Peer Reviewed Journals: xp
European Journals: r
Health Services Administration Journals: m
Health Promotion and Education Journals: ed
Mexican & Central or South American Journals: x
Nursing Journals: n
Online o: o

Online/Print: op
Peer Reviewed Journals: p

Public Health: ph
USA Journals: u
UK Ireland Journals: e


sh or de     Subject Heading [Phrase Indexed]
             practical nursing.sh.

The CINAHL Subject Headings (SH) field contains the subject headings
used by CINAHL indexers to describe the content of an article.  70% of
the CINAHL headings are also NLM MeSH headings, and CINAHL supplements
these terms with over 2,000 unique terms related to nursing and allied
health.


si           NLM Serial Identifier [Phrase Indexed]
             e06020000.si.

The NLM Serial Identifier (SI) field contains the number assigned by the
National Library of Medicine to identify the Journal in which the
document was published.  This number, used in conjunction with
additional citation information, can be used to order the document from
NLM's DOCLINE document delivery service.

The NLM Serial Identifier will display as part of the Document Delivery
(DD) field.


sp           Special Interest Category [Phrase Indexed]
             critical care.sp.

The Special Interest Category (SP) field contains twelve specific special
interest current awareness categories: Case Management, Critical Care,
Emergency Care, Evidence-Based Practice, Gerontologic Care, Home Health Care, 
Hospice/Palliative Care, Oncologic Care, Pain/Pain Management, Public Health, 
Sports Medicine, Wound Care.


tc           Table of Contents [Word Indexed]
             nursing leadership.tc.

In order to provide comprehensive coverage of all nursing and allied
health articles which contain information about topics such as new
products, new drugs, or nursing practice issues, a new Table of Contents
(TC) field has been added. Each Table of Contents entry contains the
author(s), the title of the item, and pagination information. Entries
will also include the CINAHL Accession Number if a full record for the
item appears in CINAHL.


ti           Title [Word Indexed]
             bone marrow.ti.

The Title (TI) field contains the title of an article, book, proceeding,
dissertation or a software name.  Some titles include a title
clarification which is added by an indexer if the original title does
not adequately describe the contents of the item.

Stopwords such as "of" or "the" will display in documents but do not
appear in the Title index.  However, the word "a", which is a stopword
in other fields CAN be searched in titles.


tw           Text Word
             diazepam.tw.
             febrile seizure.tw.

The Textword (TW) field is an alias for all of the fields in a database
which contain text words which are appropriate for a subject search.

The Textword field in CINAHL includes the Title (TI), Abstract (AB),
Instrumentation (IT), and Identifiers (ID) fields.


tx           Full Text [Word Indexed]
             nursing.tx.

Beginning in 1994, the full text of some documents is available in
CINAHL in the Full Text (TX) field.  Initially, the full text field will
primarily contain the text of Standards of Practice.

The full text index contains all searchable words from the text.
Stopwords, such as "the" and "of" are not searchable.


vo           Volume [Word Indexed]
             "7".vo.

The Volume (VO) field consists of the volume number of a serial
publication. This field displays as part of the Source.


wb           Website  [Word Indexed]
             medsearch.wb.

The Website (WB) field lists websites mentioned in the article. A
brief description of the site may also be present, for example,
"www.cancer.org American Cancer Society."


yr           Year of Publication [Phrase Indexed]
             "1992".yr.

The Year (YR) field contains the four-digit year in which an article or 
monograph was published.

The YR field is displayed as part of the Source.


Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL) Limits

The following are available from the Limit menu on the Main Search Screen. Popular Command and Sentence Syntax Limits:
Abstracts
Command Syntax:        ..l/ ab=y
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to abstracts

Age Groups
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to infant

English Language
Command Syntax:        ..l/1 en=y
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to english

Female
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to female

JOURNAL SUBSETS

Command Syntax:        ..l/ sb=a
Sentence Syntax:       limit to allied health journals

Command Syntax:        ..l/ sb=b
Sentence Syntax:       limit to biomedical journals

Command Syntax:        ../ sb=d
Sentence Syntax:       limit to canadian journals

Command Syntax:        ..l/ sb=h
Sentence Syntax:       limit to consumer health journals

Command Syntax:        ..l/ sb=c
Sentence Syntax:       limit to core nursing journals

Command Syntax:        ..l/ sb=n
Sentence Syntax:       limit to nursing journals

Command Syntax:        ..l/ sb=p
Sentence Syntax:       limit to peer reviewed journals

Command Syntax:        ..l/ sb=u
Sentence Sytnax:       limit to us journals

Command Syntax:        ..l/ sb=e
Sentence Syntax:       limit to uk journals

Command Syntax:        .l/ sb=z
Sentence Syntax:       limit to australia or new zealand journals


Latest Update
Command Syntax:        ..l/1 up=y
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to latest update

Male
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to male

Publication Type
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to case study

Publication Year
Command Syntax:        ..l/1 yr=89
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to yr=1989

Review
Sentence Syntax:       limit 1 to review

Change to CINAHL From Another Database

Command Syntax:        ..c/nursing
                       ..c/nahl
Sentence Syntax:       use nursing
                       use nahl

Sample CINAHL Documents

<1>
Accession Number
     2001063156.
Special Fields Contained
     Fields available in this record: cited references.
Authors
     Pollard T. Wilkinson S.
Title
     Congress shows changing face of palliative care.
Source
     International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 7(4):160, 2001 Apr. (1 ref)
Abbreviated Source
     INT J PALLIAT NURS. 7(4):160, 2001 Apr. (1 ref)
Document Delivery
     NLM Serial Identifier: SR0082495.
Journal Subset
     Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing

     Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals.
Cinahl Subject Headings
     Congresses and Conferences
     Palliative Care / td [Trends]
ISSN
     1357-6321
Publication Type
     Journal Article. Editorial.
Language
     English.
Entry Month
     20010713 Revised: 010713
Cited References
     European Journal of Palliative Care. Abstracts of the 7th Congress of the European Association for Palliative Care,
     Palermo, Italy, April 1-5 2001. 2001.



<2>
Accession Number
     2001064722.
Special Fields Contained
     Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references.
Authors
     Osborn DA. Evans N.
Institution
     Dr David Osborn, Staff Specialist, Neonatal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Rd, Camperdown,
     NSW, AUSTRALIA, 2050, Telephone: 61 2 95158760, Facsimile: 61 2 95504375, E-mail:
     davido@peri.rpa.cs.nsw.gov.au.
Title
     Early volume expansion for prevention of morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants.
Source
     The Cochrane Library (Oxford) ** 2001 issue 2 (17 p) (11 ref 20 bib) (Update Software,  online or CD-ROM, updated quarterly), 
Abbreviated Source
     The Cochrane Library (Oxford) ** 2001 issue 2 (17 p) (11 ref 20 bib) (Update Software, online or CD-ROM, updated quarterly). 
Cinahl Subject Headings
     Attributable Risk
     *Blood Volume
     Cerebral Hemorrhage
     Clinical Trials
     Confidence Intervals
     Descriptive Statistics
     Infant Mortality
     Infant, Newborn
     *Infant, Premature
     Meta Analysis
     *Plasma Substitutes / tu [Therapeutic use]
     Relative Risk
     Research Methodology
     Treatment Outcomes
Abstract
     A substantive amendment to this systematic review was last made on 15 February 2001. Cochrane reviews are regularly checked and updated if necessary. Background: Reduced perfusion of organs such as the brain, heart, kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract may lead to acute dysfunction and be associated with permanent injury. Various strategies have been used to provide cardiovascular support to preterm infants including inotropes, corticosteroids and volume expansion. Objectives: In very preterm infants, does early volume expansion reduce morbidity and mortality. If volume expansion is effective, what type of volume expansion is most effective. Search strategy: The standard search strategy of the Neonatal Review Group was used. Searches were conducted by the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, previous reviews including cross references, abstracts and conference proceedings. Selection criteria: Randomised trials of early volume expansion with normal saline, fresh frozen plasma, albumin, plasma substitutes or blood compared to no treatment or another form of volume expansion in preterm infants < 32 weeks gestation or < 1500g were included. Volume expansion was defined as at least 10 mls/kg given in the first 72 hours of life. Data collection and analysis: Standard methods of the Neonatal Review Group with use of relative risk (RR), risk difference (RD) and weighted mean difference (WMD). The fixed effects model using RevMan 4.1 was used for meta-analysis. Data from individual studies were only eligible for inclusion if a least 80% of infants were reported for that outcome.  Main results: Seven studies were included. Five studies, four with data for mortality, compared volume to no treatment.Most studies enrolled very preterm infants on the basis of gestation or birthweight. Two studies comparing different types of volume expansion enrolled very preterm infants with hypotension. No study enrolled infants on the basis of low blood flow. One study examined the effect of volume expansion on blood flow but in normotensive very preterm infants. Comparing volume and no treatment, 4 studies with a total of 940 very preterm infants reported no significant difference in mortality (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.88, 1.40). The large NNNI 1996 study reported no significant difference in severe disability (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.52, 1.23), cerebral palsy (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.48, 1.20) and combined death or severe disability (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.80, 1.24). Although one small study (Beverley 1985) reported reduced P/IVH with volume expansion, this was not supported by any other study. No significant difference was reported in grade 3-4 P/IVH and combined death or grade 3-4 P/IVH. One study (NNNI 1996) reported no significant difference in the incidence of hypotension. The finding of decreased necrotising enterocolitis and increased sepsis in infants who received fresh frozen plasma compared to a gelatin-based plasma substitute or no treatment in one study should be treated with caution. No significant differences in mortality or disability were found in this study. In one small study, there were no significant differences in outcomes between hypotensive infants who received colloid (albumin) or crystalloid (saline). Reviewers' conclusions: There is no evidence from randomised trials to support the routine use of early volume expansion in very preterm infants without cardiovascular compromise. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether infants with cardiovascular compromise would benefit from volume expansion. There is insufficient evidence to determine what type of volume expansion should be used in preterm infants (if at all) or for the use of early red cell transfusions. The trial comparing colloid (albumin) and crystalloid (saline) in hypotensive preterm infants found no benefit in using a more expensive blood product compared to saline, but is insufficiently powered to detect an important clinical difference. [CINAHL Note: The Cochrane Collaboration systematic reviews contain interactive software that allows various calculations in the MetaView.]
ISSN
     1464-780X
Publication Type
     Software. Research. Systematic Review. Tables/Charts.
Language
     English.
Entry Month
     20010713 Revised: 010713
Cited References
Beverley DW, Pitts-Tucker TJ, Congdon PJ, Arthur RJ, Tate G. Prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage by fresh frozen plasma. Arch Dis Child 1985;60:710-3.



Ekblad H, Kero P, Korvenranta H. Renal function in preterm infants during the first five days of life: influence of maturation and early colloid treatment. Biol Neonate 1992;61:308-17.


Ekblad H, Kero P, Shaffer SG, Korvenranta H. Extracellular volume in preterm infants: influence of gestational age and colloids. Early Hum Dev 1991;27:1-7.

Emery EF, Greenough A, Gamsu HR. Randomised controlled trial of colloid infusions in hypotensive preterm infants. Arch Dis Child 1992;67:1185-8.

Gottuso MA, Williams ML, Oski FA. The role of exchange transfusion in the management of low-birth-weight infants with and without severe respiratory distress syndrome. J Pediatr 1976;89:279-85.

Lundstrom K, Pryds O, Greisen G. The haemodynamic effects of dopamine and volume expansion in sick preterm infants. Early Hum Dev 2000;57:157-3.

Lundstrom KE. A randomized, controlled study of the influence of dopamine and volume expansion on CBF, LVO and MABP in hypotensive, preterm, infants. In: Proceedings of 14th European Congress of Perinatal Medicine, Helsinki, Finland. 1994:500.

The Northern Neonatal Nursing Initiative [NNNI] Trial Group. Randomized trial of prophylactic early fresh-frozen plasma or gelatin or glucose in preterm babies: outcome at 2 years. Lancet 1996;348:229-32.

The Northern Neonatal Nursing Initiative [NNNI] Trial Group. A randomized trial comparing the effect of prophylactic intravenous fresh frozen plasma, gelatin or glucose on early mortality and morbidity in preterm babies. Eur J Pediatr 1996;155:580-8.

So KW, Fok TF, Ng PC, Wong WW, Cheung KL. Randomised controlled trial of colloid or crystalloid in hypotensive preterm infants. Arch Dis Child 1997;76:F43-6.

So KW, Fok TF, Ng PC, Wong WW, Cheung KL. Isotonic saline vs 5% albumin as volume expander. In: Pediatr Res. Vol. 39. 1996:246A.


Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Copyright Information

Copyright ©, 1983 - 2000, Cinahl Information Systems. All rights reserved. Other than retention of a single printout of a literature search, no portion of the CINAHL® database may be published, reproduced, or stored in any medium without the prior written permission of Cinahl Information Systems. However librarians may temporarily store search results for the convenience of their patrons.


updated 17 July 01